The last 10 years has seen explosive expansion of the number of centres performing cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. The majority of this expansion has been in the field of adult ischaemic imaging, but congenital heart disease remains one of the main indications for CMR. Importantly, the greatly improved survival of patients with congenital heart disease gives us a burgeoning adult population living with the sequelae of the disease (grown-up congenital heart disease – GUCH).
Without previous experience or formal training, the interpretation of CMR images of patients with congenital heart disease can be difficult. The main aim of this book is to create a portable resource that offers effi cient access to high-quality MR (and where appropriate, CT) images of the common congenital and structural heart abnormalities. By providing key images for each condition and a clear interpretation of the MR appearances, will improve the reader’s understanding of the conditions, facilitate their interpretation of images and optimise the planning of the imaging protocols during their own practice of congenital CMR.
As with any publication from a single institution, the contents of this book represent the author's practice. But, this book is not a definitive or exhaustive description of the conditions. It is a factual, simple and eye-pleasing guide for fellows training in CMR, radiographers and technicians performing CMR scans, physician users of CMR, and perhaps those few in adult ischaemic practice, who may need the occasional aide memoir for incidental findings! This book useful in your everyday practice and learning.
Contents
1 Technical Considerations
2 MR Imaging Under GA
3 Imaging Protocol
4 Normal Anatomy-Axial
5 Normal Anatomy-Coronal
6 Normal Anatomy-Sagittal
7 Image Planes-Ventricles
8 Imaging Planes-Left Ventricular Outfl ow Tract
9 Imaging Planes-
Right Ventricular Outfl ow Tract
10a Imaging Planes-Branch PAs
10b Imaging Planes-Thoracic Aorta
11a Imaging Planes-Tricuspid Value
11b Imaging Planes-Mitral Value
12 Imaging Planes-Coronary Arteries
13 Atrial Septal Defect
14 Sinus Venosus Defect
15 Atrioventricular Septal Defect
16 Ventricular Septal Defect
17 Aortic Valve Stenosis
18 Aortic Valve Incompetence
19 Coarctation of the Aorta
20 Repaired Coarctation of the Aorta: Complications
21 Interrupted Aortic Arch
22 Aortic Vascular Rings
23 Left Pulmonary Artery Sling
24 Marfan Syndrome
25 Williams Syndrome
26 Mitral Stenosis
27 Mitral Regurgitation
28 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
29 Dilated Cardiomypathy
30 Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy
31 Tetralogy of Fallot
32 Tetralogy of Fallot: Repaired
33 Pulmonary Stenosis
34 Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation
35 Pulmonary Atresia and VSD
36 Transposition of the Great Arteries: Arterial Switch Operation
37 Transposition of the Great Arteries: Senning and Mustard Repair
38 TGA with VSD and PS
39 Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries
40 Common Arterial Trunk
41 Double Outlet Right Ventricle
42 Double Inlet Left Ventricle
43 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Norwood Stage 1
44 Bi-directional Cavo-pulmonary (Glenn) shunt
45 Fontan-Type Circulation (Tricuspid Atresia)
46 Total Cavo-pulmonary Connection
47 Anomalous Coronary Arteries
48 Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from Pulmonary Artery
49 Kawasaki Disease
50 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage
51 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage
52 Ebstein’s Anomaly
53 Right Isomerism
54 Left Isomerism
55 List of Abbreviations
56 Further reading
Without previous experience or formal training, the interpretation of CMR images of patients with congenital heart disease can be difficult. The main aim of this book is to create a portable resource that offers effi cient access to high-quality MR (and where appropriate, CT) images of the common congenital and structural heart abnormalities. By providing key images for each condition and a clear interpretation of the MR appearances, will improve the reader’s understanding of the conditions, facilitate their interpretation of images and optimise the planning of the imaging protocols during their own practice of congenital CMR.
As with any publication from a single institution, the contents of this book represent the author's practice. But, this book is not a definitive or exhaustive description of the conditions. It is a factual, simple and eye-pleasing guide for fellows training in CMR, radiographers and technicians performing CMR scans, physician users of CMR, and perhaps those few in adult ischaemic practice, who may need the occasional aide memoir for incidental findings! This book useful in your everyday practice and learning.
Contents
1 Technical Considerations
2 MR Imaging Under GA
3 Imaging Protocol
4 Normal Anatomy-Axial
5 Normal Anatomy-Coronal
6 Normal Anatomy-Sagittal
7 Image Planes-Ventricles
8 Imaging Planes-Left Ventricular Outfl ow Tract
9 Imaging Planes-
Right Ventricular Outfl ow Tract
10a Imaging Planes-Branch PAs
10b Imaging Planes-Thoracic Aorta
11a Imaging Planes-Tricuspid Value
11b Imaging Planes-Mitral Value
12 Imaging Planes-Coronary Arteries
13 Atrial Septal Defect
14 Sinus Venosus Defect
15 Atrioventricular Septal Defect
16 Ventricular Septal Defect
17 Aortic Valve Stenosis
18 Aortic Valve Incompetence
19 Coarctation of the Aorta
20 Repaired Coarctation of the Aorta: Complications
21 Interrupted Aortic Arch
22 Aortic Vascular Rings
23 Left Pulmonary Artery Sling
24 Marfan Syndrome
25 Williams Syndrome
26 Mitral Stenosis
27 Mitral Regurgitation
28 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
29 Dilated Cardiomypathy
30 Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy
31 Tetralogy of Fallot
32 Tetralogy of Fallot: Repaired
33 Pulmonary Stenosis
34 Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation
35 Pulmonary Atresia and VSD
36 Transposition of the Great Arteries: Arterial Switch Operation
37 Transposition of the Great Arteries: Senning and Mustard Repair
38 TGA with VSD and PS
39 Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries
40 Common Arterial Trunk
41 Double Outlet Right Ventricle
42 Double Inlet Left Ventricle
43 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Norwood Stage 1
44 Bi-directional Cavo-pulmonary (Glenn) shunt
45 Fontan-Type Circulation (Tricuspid Atresia)
46 Total Cavo-pulmonary Connection
47 Anomalous Coronary Arteries
48 Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from Pulmonary Artery
49 Kawasaki Disease
50 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage
51 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage
52 Ebstein’s Anomaly
53 Right Isomerism
54 Left Isomerism
55 List of Abbreviations
56 Further reading